Digital nomad visas in Europe: income needed for Spain, Portugal, Croatia, Greece
Updated
Is there an EU digital nomad visa?
There is no single EU digital nomad visa: 14 of the 27 countries have their own permit or long-stay visa, each with its own income test. On official pages the monthly minimum for one person runs from about €2,125 in Italy to €4,500 in Estonia — Spain €2,849 verify, Portugal €3,680, Greece €3,500, Croatia €3,622.50. The €3,480 and about €2,760 many answers still repeat are 2025 values: 4 × Portugal's 2025 minimum wage of €870, and 2 × Spain's 2025 yearly minimum wage over 12 months.
| Country | Income needed (one person) | Family | Basis | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spain | €2,849 a month verify | +€1,068.38 spouse verify; +€356.12 per child verify | per month | official page |
| Portugal | €3,680 a month | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | average of the last 3 months | official page |
| Greece | €3,500 a month | +€700 spouse; +€525 per child | net | official page |
| Croatia | €3,622.50 a month | +€144.90 spouse; +€144.90 per child | per month, or savings | official page |
| Italy | €2,125 a month | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | yearly income | official page |
Official rule: Portugal: national minimum wage 2025 EUR 870 a month (Decree-Law 112/2024) - so the D8 remote-work threshold for 2025 was 4 x 870 = EUR 3,480; in 2026 it is 4 x 920 = EUR 3,680. (source, checked 2026-10-19)
Fourteen EU countries let you live there while working remotely for a foreign employer or your own foreign clients. Income tests on official pages run from about €2,125 a month (Italy, €25,500 a year) to €4,500 (Estonia); Romania's three-times-the-average-wage rule works out at about €5,566 verify. Estonia and Latvia issue a long-stay visa, not a residence permit; Malta's and Hungary's nomad permits lead to no permanent residence.
Not a valid document. Estimate for information only — not legal, tax or immigration advice. Rules change often and errors are possible. Confirm every figure with a licensed lawyer in the country before you pay anything.
Country by country: what each nomad visa asks
How much income do I need for Spain's digital nomad visa?
200% of Spain's minimum wage: €2,849 a month on the 2026 yearly minimum wage spread over 12 months verify, or €2,442 on the monthly figure (RD 126/2026); +75% for the first family member and +25% for each further one. In 2025 the same reading gave about €2,762.67.
How much income do I need for Portugal's D8 digital nomad visa?
Four times the national minimum wage over the last 3 months: 4 × €920 = €3,680 a month in 2026 (4 × €870 = €3,480 in 2025). A family uplift is not stated on the pages we read.
How much income do I need for Greece's digital nomad visa?
€3,500 a month net (Migration Code art. 68, ministry circular of 3 June 2024), +20% for a spouse and +15% per child.
How much income do I need for Croatia's digital nomad permit?
€3,622.50 a month — 2.5 × the average net salary — plus €144.90 per family member, or savings of €43,470 for one person for 12 months (Ministry of the Interior).
How much income do I need for Italy's digital nomad visa?
At least €25,500 a year (3 × €8,500), about €2,125 a month, for highly qualified work with 6 months' remote-work experience (Italian embassy page).
Every digital nomad route
| Country | Route | Income needed (one person) | How it is worked out (year) | Family | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | remote work | €3,680 a month €44,160 a year · average of the last 3 months | 2026: 4 × €920 minimum monthly wage checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | 4 × the minimum wage; a family uplift is not stated on the pages we read. (source) |
| Spain | international teleworker | €2,849 a month verify €34,188 a year · per month | 2026: 200% of the €17,094 yearly minimum wage ÷ 12 (RD 126/2026) checked | +€1,068.38 spouse verify; +€356.12 per child verify | 200% of the minimum wage, +75% for the first family member, +25% for each further one. On the yearly minimum wage (€17,094) spread over 12 months that is €2,849 a month for you — the figure tested here; on the monthly figure it is €2,442. The ministry does not say which it uses. (source) |
| Italy | digital nomad (highly qualified) | €2,125 a month €25,500 a year · yearly income | 3 × €8,500 a year checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | 3 × €8,500 a year; highly qualified work and 6 months' remote-work experience. (source) |
| Malta | Nomad Residence Permit | €3,500 a month €42,000 a year · gross | Fixed: €42,000 gross a year checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | €42,000 gross a year. Does not lead to permanent residence or citizenship. (source) |
| Greece | digital nomad | €3,500 a month €42,000 a year · net | Fixed: €3,500 a month (Circular 6, 3 Jun 2024) checked | +€700 spouse; +€525 per child | Visa up to 12 months, then a 2-year permit; no Greek employer. (source) |
| Cyprus | digital nomad | €3,500 a month €42,000 a year · net, after tax | Fixed: €3,500 net a month checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | Capped at 500 permits. Cyprus is not in Schengen. (source) |
| Croatia | digital nomad | €3,622.50 a month €43,470 a year · per month, or savings | 2.5 × the average net salary checked | +€144.90 spouse; +€144.90 per child | Or savings: the ministry states €43,470 for one person (12 months); for a family the calculator uses 12 months of the family requirement — a derived figure. Up to 18 months. (source) |
| Slovenia | digital nomad | €3,390.68 a month €40,688.16 a year · per month | July 2026: 2 × €1,695.34 average net salary checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | Twice the average net salary (it changes monthly). Up to 1 year, not extendable; family may join. (source) |
| Hungary | White Card | €3,000 a month €36,000 a year · net, last 6 months | Fixed: €3,000 net a month checked | No family | Family members are not admitted; no route to a national residence card. (source) |
| Czechia | digital nomad (listed nationalities) | €3,026.63 a month €36,319.56 a year · gross, CZK converted | May 2026 – Apr 2027: 1.5 × CZK 590,580 average gross yearly wage ÷ 12 checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | IT and marketing only, for nationals of listed countries. 1.5 × the average gross wage set for May 2026 – April 2027: CZK 73,822.50 a month, converted at the ECB rate. (source) |
| Estonia | Digital Nomad Visa | €4,500 a month €54,000 a year · per month | €4,500 (e-Residency) or €132 a day = €3,960 (Foreign Ministry) checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | A long-stay visa, not a residence permit. Two official pages differ: €4,500 (e-Residency) and €3,960 (Foreign Ministry). (source) |
| Latvia | remote-work visa | €4,213 a month €50,556 a year · gross | 2.5 × the previous year's average gross wage checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | A long-stay visa, not a residence permit; employer or own business in an OECD country. (source) |
| Bulgaria | digital nomad | €2,294.42 a month verify €27,533.07 a year · yearly income | 50 × BGN 1,077, the previous year's minimum monthly wage checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | 50 × the minimum monthly wage of the previous year (law firms; €31,010 a year if this year's wage applies). (source) |
| Romania | digital nomad visa | €5,566.05 a month verify €66,792.60 a year · each of the last 6 months | 3 × RON 9,902 average gross wage (March 2026) checked | spouse: not stated; children: not stated | 3 × the average gross monthly wage for each of the last 6 months, tested here on the highest of the six latest published months (March 2026: RON 9,902, statistics institute), converted from RON at the ECB rate; the latest month, August, gives about €5,338. A 90-day visa, then a 6-month permit; a company of your own must be registered at least 3 years. (source) |
Thresholds tied to a wage or a minimum wage change every year, so a figure quoted without its year may be out of date; each row gives the base it uses and the date we last checked it. Spain: the ministry does not say whether 200% of the minimum wage means the monthly figure (€2,442) or the yearly one spread over 12 months (€2,849); this page tests the higher one.
No nomad permit: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden.
What to know
- You usually may not work for local employers or clients (Spain allows up to 20% Spanish clients for the self-employed).
- Staying more than 183 days a year usually makes you tax-resident there; Spain's teleworkers can use the special regime of art. 93 of its income tax law, and Croatia exempts nomads' foreign-employer income verify (facts, not advice).
- Income tests tied to wages change every year; Slovenia's changes every month.
Buying a home instead? Four EU countries still give residence for a property purchase — residency by buying property. Malta also accepts renting a home for at least €14,000 a year with the same programme fees — see Malta.
Before you rely on this: what to confirm
These points rest on a law firm, a commercial source or a single source, or the official page could not be read. Ask a licensed lawyer to confirm them against the official tariff or law before you pay anything.
- Spain: €2,849 or €2,442 a month — the ministry does not say which minimum-wage basis it uses; the calculator tests the higher one.
- Estonia: €4,500 or €3,960 — two official pages differ.
- Bulgaria's threshold (law firms) and Romania's (which months' wage figures the immigration office applies is not stated).
- Portugal D8 family uplift — not stated.
Questions people ask
How much income do I need for an EU digital nomad visa?
On official pages, per month for one person: about €2,125 in Italy (€25,500 a year), €2,442 or €2,849 in Spain (2 × the minimum wage, monthly or yearly basis), €3,000 net in Hungary, about €3,027 in Czechia (1.5 × the average wage, converted from CZK), €3,390.68 in Slovenia, €3,500 in Greece, Cyprus and Malta (€42,000 a year gross), €3,622.50 in Croatia, €3,680 in Portugal, €4,213 in Latvia and €4,500 in Estonia (€3,960 on another official page). Bulgaria (about €2,294) and Romania (about €5,566) are estimates from wage-based rules.
Which EU countries have a digital nomad visa?
Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Bulgaria and Romania. Estonia's and Latvia's are long-stay visas, not residence permits.
Does a digital nomad visa lead to permanent residence?
Not always: Malta's and Hungary's nomad permits exclude it, Estonia's and Latvia's are visas, and Slovenia's cannot be extended. Spain's and Portugal's count toward the usual 5 years.
Can US citizens get digital nomad visas?
Yes — the EU countries' digital nomad permits are for non-EU citizens in general, so a US citizen qualifies by meeting the country's income test and other conditions. Estonia and Latvia issue long-stay visas rather than residence permits.