Sources for every rule on our EU residency pages
Updated
Every number on our EU residency pages comes from a rule with its source and the date we last checked it. This page lists those source documents, grouped by the page that uses them. A source that is not an official page is labelled as an estimate. The rules themselves, word for word, are in the “Sources” box at the bottom of each page.
Not a valid document. Estimate for information only — not legal, tax or immigration advice. Rules change often and errors are possible. Confirm every figure with a licensed lawyer in the country before you pay anything.
EU golden visas by buying property: the four countries left
- emnbelgium.be › 2026.16 - Temporary residence permit for the … — 10 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: at least EUR 800,000 for one property in Attica, Thessaloniki, … - migration.gov.gr › Νόμος-5100_2024-κωδικοποιημένος-με-τον-5167_2… — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: EUR 250,000 nationwide only for a commercial building converted to … - aade.gr › real-estate-transfer-tax — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: transfer tax on a resale (and on a new build whose developer … - Migration Department (Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection) › immigration permits for investors — 7 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-21
e.g. Cyprus: a house or apartment bought on first sale from a development company … - moi.gov.cy › 8C4FE9DDEDA4F801C22587D5004455B1 — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: application fee EUR 500 for all persons included in the application. - mof.gov.cy › 6F2D9F654287FF02C2258251002C8130 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: VAT on new builds 19%. - gov.cy › N-42I2023.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: 5% VAT on a main and permanent residence for the first 130 m2 of … - Secondary source 8 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Cyprus: found technically ready for Schengen in July 2026; no Council date; … - legislation.mt › 2024/310 — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Malta: a qualifying owned property of at least EUR 375,000 in Malta or Gozo … - legislation.mt › 2025/146 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Malta: non-refundable administration fee EUR 60,000 for the main applicant … - legislation.mt › 2021/121 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Malta: EUR 2,000 donation to a registered local non-governmental organisation. - mtca.gov.mt › buying-property — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Malta: duty on documents (stamp duty) 5% of the price, with a 1% provisional … - parliament.bg › 52-602-01-29.rtf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Bulgaria: a prolonged residence permit (up to one year) for long-stay visa … - council.sofia.bg › r-1036-2025 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Bulgaria: municipal tax on acquiring property, set by each municipality … - home-affairs.ec.europa.eu › schengen-area_en — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Schengen: 25 EU states are members; Cyprus is still in the integration … - pmlp.gov.lv › speka-stajas-jaunais-imigracijas-likums-galve… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Latvia: the property route closed on 15 September 2026, when the new … - Secondary source 17 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Romania: a EUR 400,000 golden-visa bill (B490/2025) was withdrawn in … - ind.nl › admission-scheme-for-foreign-investors-abolished — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Netherlands: the EUR 1.25 million investor scheme (not property) was … - irishimmigration.ie › IIP-UpdatedFAQ-Final.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Ireland: the Immigrant Investor Programme (not property) closed on 15 … - emn.gov.hr › on residence_permits_for_foreign_investors.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, … - aima.gov.pt › minuta-declaracao-do-cumprimento-dos-requisit… — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Portugal: at least EUR 500,000 in units of Portuguese investment or … - aima.gov.pt › tabela-de-taxas-e-demais-encargos-a-cobrar-pe… — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Portugal: AIMA fee to receive and analyse an ARI application (or a family … - normattiva.it › N2Ls — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Italy: investor visa - at least EUR 250,000 in an innovative start-up on the … - migration.gov.gr › Κώδικας-Μετανάστευσης.pdf — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-14 to 2026-10-20
e.g. Greece: at least EUR 350,000 in units of a mutual fund (set up in Greece or … - en.mitos.gov.gr › ΔΔ:Golden_visa_programme_(investment_in_a_lis… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: EUR 16 per residence card. - oif.gov.hu › residence-permit-for-guest-investor — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Hungary: guest investor permit - EUR 250,000 in units of a real-estate fund … - oif.gov.hu › procedural-fees — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Hungary: visa fee EUR 110. - mfa.bg › Закон за чужденците в Република България.pdf — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-19
e.g. Bulgaria: BGN 250,000 (EUR 127,822.97) into a company you own at least 50% … - likumi.lv › 370622-imigracijas-likums — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Latvia: EUR 50,000 in a company with at most 50 staff and turnover up to EUR … - pmlp.gov.lv › state-fee-issuing-residence-permit — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Latvia: state fee to review a temporary residence-permit application within … - wdocs-pub.chd.lu › 20260922_RapportCommission.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Luxembourg: bill 8586 abolishes the investor residence permit ('Golden … - madeira.gov.pt › Lei_Organica_1_2026.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal: naturalisation needs at least 10 years of legal residence for … - curia.europa.eu › cp250052en.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Citizenship by investment: none left in the EU - Malta's scheme was ruled … - ypes.gr › Proypotheseis20260130.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: naturalisation needs seven continuous years of legal residence, … - gov.cy › acquisition-of-cypriot-citizenship-by-natural… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: naturalisation needs 12 months' continuous legal residence … - Secondary source 36 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece, whole journey (tax number, bank account, purchase, deed, registry, … - Secondary source 37 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: the whole price must be paid through the banking system (crossed … - minfin.gov.gr › Έκθεση-Εκτίμησης-Κινδύνου.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Greece: no law makes you hire a lawyer — you (or your lawyer) may file the … - Secondary source 39 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Cyprus, whole journey from choosing the home to holding the card: … - residencymalta.gov.mt — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Malta: Residency Malta's target is 4 to 6 months from a complete and correct … - Secondary source 41 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Malta, whole journey from gathering documents to holding the card: … - residencymalta.gov.mt › MPRP-FAQs-V2.6.1.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Malta: the programme texts we read do not ask for a Maltese bank account; … - legislation.mt › pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Malta: every MPRP application must be made through an agent licensed by … - Secondary source 44 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria: by law the Migration Directorate decides within 14 days (one month … - Secondary source 45 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria: practitioners report 2–4 months from the visa application to the … - Secondary source 46 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria: the purchase money must pass through a licensed Bulgarian bank, … - hcch.net › status-table — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. The UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Egypt, Lebanon and Nigeria are not parties to the …
Greece golden visa by buying a home: total cost and how to apply
- emnbelgium.be › 2026.16 - Temporary residence permit for the … — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- migration.gov.gr › Νόμος-5100_2024-κωδικοποιημένος-με-τον-5167_2… — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- migration.gov.gr › Κώδικας-Μετανάστευσης.pdf — 10 rules, checked 2026-10-12 to 2026-10-20
- en.mitos.gov.gr › ΔΔ:Golden_visa_programme_(investment_in_a_lis… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- aade.gr › real-estate-transfer-tax — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- aade.gr › ΑΠΟΣΠΑΣΜΑ ΦΕΚ Α 198_2025 Ν 5246_2025.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: new builds sold by a developer carry 24% VAT unless the developer … - Secondary source 7 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: land registry / cadastre fees are set by tariff and vary; about … - Secondary source 8 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: notary about 0.8-1.5% plus 24% VAT and lawyer about 1-2% (2.5% … - ypes.gr › Proypotheseis20260130.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- migration.gov.gr › ΦΕΚΑ17_6.2.2025.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: last change Law 5275/2026 (Gazette A 17, 6 February 2026): a permit … - minfin.gov.gr › ΠΡΟΣΧΕΔΙΟ-ΚΡΑΤΙΚΟΥ-ΠΡΟΫΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΜΟΥ-2027-1.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-21
e.g. Greece, proposal (not law): the draft 2027 State Budget (Ministry of … - home-affairs.ec.europa.eu › schengen-area_en — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- elra.eu › legal-restrictions-5 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Greece: free, except in frontier areas (all Dodecanese, Lesbos, Chios, … - migration.gov.gr › arsi-anastolis-exetasis-kai-ekdosis-ekkremon-… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Greece: new investor residence-permit applications (golden visa) from … - migration.gov.gr › 6Εγκύλιος-3JUN2024-ν_5038_2023-η-1η-μεγαλη-Νό… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Greece: EUR 3,500 a month for a financially independent person and for a … - Secondary source 16 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: at least EUR 250,000 in a company on the National Registry of … - hcch.net › status-table — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
- mfa.gr › keppa — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Greece: a foreign document must carry its Apostille (or consular … - Secondary source 19 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: foreign family-status certificates are normally accepted only if … - Secondary source 20 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: if you apply from abroad through a representative, you must come to … - migration.gov.gr › ΠΑΡΑΡΤΗΜΑ-Β_Απρίλιος_2026_ΥΜΑ-GR-Ενημερωτικό-… — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Greece: 9,382 first investor (golden visa) permit applications were filed in … - Secondary source 22 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
- Secondary source 23 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
- Secondary source 24 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: opening the Greek bank account is often the slowest early step — … - minfin.gov.gr › Έκθεση-Εκτίμησης-Κινδύνου.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
- elib.aade.gr › view — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Greece: an estate agency contract must state in writing whether the agent …
Cyprus golden visa (permanent residency) by buying a home: total cost and how to apply
- Migration Department (Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection) › immigration permits for investors — 12 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-21
- moi.gov.cy › 8C4FE9DDEDA4F801C22587D5004455B1 — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- moi.gov.cy › immigrationpfi_en — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: the permit gives no right to work, except as a director of a company … - mof.gov.cy › 6F2D9F654287FF02C2258251002C8130 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- gov.cy › N-42I2023.pdf — 5 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- gov.cy › calculation-of-real-estates-transfer-fees — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: no Land Registry transfer fee when the sale is subject to VAT (new … - companies.gov.cy › repeal-of-the-stamp-duties-laws-of-1963-to-20… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: stamp duty abolished - the Stamp Duties Laws 1963-2025 were repealed … - Secondary source 8 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Cyprus: lawyer EUR 2,000-5,000 flat (EUR 3,500 used as the example). - gov.cy › acquisition-of-cypriot-citizenship-by-natural… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- Secondary source 10 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Cyprus: renting the home out is allowed according to two law firms; no … - Secondary source 11 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
- cylaw.org › full.html — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Cyprus: non-EU buyers need the permission of the Council of Ministers under … - home-affairs.ec.europa.eu › schengen-area_en — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- hcch.net › status-table — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
- Secondary source 15 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
- moi.gov.cy › 1996586204D82CD6C225890B00443DDD — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Cyprus: for a spouse and children you need the marriage certificate and … - Secondary source 17 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Cyprus: if you open a local account, practitioners report 3–8 weeks from a … - businessincyprus.gov.cy › real-estate-agent — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Cyprus: estate agents must be on the Register of Real Estate Agents and …
Malta golden visa (MPRP permanent residence programme) by buying a home: total cost
- legislation.mt › 2024/310 — 6 rules, checked 2026-10-12 to 2026-10-19
- legislation.mt › 2025/146 — 5 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- legislation.mt › 2021/121 — 11 rules, checked 2026-10-12 to 2026-10-19
- mtca.gov.mt › buying-property — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- Secondary source 5 — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Malta: notary about 1-2.5% of the price (1.75% used as the example). - mtca.gov.mt › acquisition-of-immovable-property---faq — 5 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Malta: AIP permit for a non-resident buying outside a Special Designated … - Secondary source 7 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Malta: two law firms read LN 146/2025 as allowing the property to be let … - legislation.mt › cap/188 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Malta: citizenship is outside the programme and discretionary under the … - home-affairs.ec.europa.eu › schengen-area_en — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- curia.europa.eu › cp250052en.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- hcch.net › status-table — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
- legislation.mt › pdf — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
- residencymalta.gov.mt › L.N-146-of-2025.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Malta: licensed agents must be public accountants or auditors, lawyers or … - residencymalta.gov.mt › 2253-RM-Handbook-for-Agents-Amends-Jan24.pdf — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Malta: each married couple in the application needs a marriage certificate … - residencymalta.gov.mt › MPRP-FAQs-V2.6.1.pdf — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
- residencymalta.gov.mt — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
- Secondary source 17 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
Bulgaria golden visa: residence permit by property or business — total cost
- parliament.bg › 52-602-01-29.rtf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- emnbelgium.be › 2026.16 - Temporary residence permit for the … — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- mvr.bg › 3-постоянно-пребиваване.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Bulgaria: permanent residence after five years of continuous lawful … - council.sofia.bg › r-1036-2025 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- registryagency.bg › tarifa_za_drzhavnite_taksi_sbirani_ot_agentsi… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Bulgaria: Registry Agency fee 0.1% of the price for recording the deed … - Secondary source 6 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria: notary about EUR 375 plus VAT on a EUR 100,000 purchase (0.375%, … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Bulgaria: non-EU citizens may own buildings and apartments, but land only … - Secondary source 8 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria: a July 2026 draft would take permanent residence from foreigners … - mvr.bg › такси-които-се-събират-в-системата-на-министе… — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Bulgaria: state fee for a prolonged residence permit of up to one year BGN … - home-affairs.ec.europa.eu › schengen-area_en — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- mfa.bg › Закон за чужденците в Република България.pdf — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-19
- curia.europa.eu › cp250052en.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- hcch.net › status-table — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
- Secondary source 14 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
- Secondary source 15 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
- Secondary source 16 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria: foreign documents need an Apostille or legalisation (depending on … - Secondary source 17 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
- Secondary source 18 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria: estate agents are not licensed, so independent checks on the …
Can I buy a home in …? All 27 EU countries for non-EU citizens
- Secondary source 1 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Austria: approval from the provincial land-transfer authority for almost … - bmf.gv.at › ImmobilienSteuern-2020-Barrierefrei.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Austria: real estate transfer tax 3.5% of the price (Federal Ministry of … - Secondary source 3 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Belgium: no restriction for non-EU buyers. - vlaanderen.be › sales-duty-on-real-estate — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Belgium: Flanders 12% sales duty (2% only for your sole own home where you … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- council.sofia.bg › r-1036-2025 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- mpudt.gov.hr › 25361 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Croatia: Ministry of Justice consent, subject to reciprocity with your … - porezna-uprava.gov.hr › 4583 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Croatia: real estate transfer tax 3% (Tax Administration); new builds sold … - cylaw.org › full.html — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- gov.cy › calculation-of-real-estates-transfer-fees — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- Secondary source 11 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Czechia: free since 1 May 2011. - Secondary source 12 — 6 rules, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Czechia: no transfer tax since 2020 (VAT 12% or 21% is inside new-build … - um.dk › foreign-citizens-acquisition-of-property-in-d… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Denmark: Ministry of Justice permission unless you have lived in Denmark for … - info.skat.dk › data.aspx — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Denmark: registration duty DKK 1,850 fixed plus 0.6% of the price (Danish … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-4 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Estonia: apartments free (Restrictions on Acquisition of Immovables Act); … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-5 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Finland: Ministry of Defence permit for non-EEA buyers since 1 January 2020 … - vero.fi › transfer-tax — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-21
e.g. Finland: transfer tax 3% on real estate, 1.5% on housing-company shares. - Secondary source 18 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. France: no restriction for non-EU buyers. - impots.gouv.fr › achat-dans-lancien — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. France: on an older home the buyer pays a departmental duty of 4.5%, or up … - senatspressestelle.bremen.de › senat-bringt-moderate-erhoehung-der-grunderwe… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Germany: real estate transfer tax 3.5% to 6.5% depending on the federal … - elra.eu › legal-restrictions-5 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- aade.gr › real-estate-transfer-tax — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- elra.eu › 6701 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Hungary: a permit from the capital or county government office for each … - nav.gov.hu › visszterhes-vagyonatruhazasi-illetek — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Hungary: transfer duty 4% up to HUF 1 billion per property and 2% above, … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-6 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Ireland: no restriction for non-EU buyers. - revenue.ie › rates.aspx — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Ireland: stamp duty 1% up to EUR 1 million, 2% from 1 to 1.5 million and 6% … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-7 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Italy: non-residents may buy only under a treaty or reciprocity (art. 16 … - agenziaentrate.gov.it › acquisto-di-una-casa-le-imposte — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Italy: from a private seller 9% registration tax (2% for a first home); from … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-9 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Latvia: apartments and buildings free; land needs municipal consent; Russian … - m.likumi.lv › 200087-regulation-regarding-state-fee-for-reg… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Latvia: Land Register state fee 1.5% of the value for an individual buyer … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-10 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Lithuania: buildings and apartments free; land only for nationals of EU, … - Secondary source 32 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Luxembourg: no restriction for non-EU buyers. - guichet.public.lu › credit-impot-actes-notaries.html — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Luxembourg: 7% on a home purchase - 6% registration duty plus 1% … - mtca.gov.mt › acquisition-of-immovable-property---faq — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- mtca.gov.mt › buying-property — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-18 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Netherlands: no restriction for non-EU buyers. - belastingdienst.nl › het_tarief_van_de_overdrachtbelasting — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Netherlands: transfer tax 2% if you will live in the home yourself, 8% if … - gov.pl › najczesciej-zadawane-pytania — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Poland: apartments and garages free; land and houses need an Interior … - podatki.gov.pl › stawki-i-limity — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Poland: 2% civil-transactions tax on a resale (podatki.gov.pl); a … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-13 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Portugal: no restriction for non-EU buyers. - info.portaldasfinancas.gov.pt › cimt17.aspx — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Portugal: IMT in bands up to 7.5% for residents; a non-resident buying a … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-14 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Romania: buildings free; land only under a treaty or reciprocity, so usually … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-15 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Slovakia: no restriction for homes (farmland by reciprocity only). - gov.si › pridobivanje-lastninske-pravice-tujcev-na-nep… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Slovenia: EU, OECD and EFTA nationals buy freely; nationals of EU candidate … - fu.gov.si › purchase_and_sale_of_real_estate — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Slovenia: real estate transfer tax 2% of the value (Financial Administration). - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-16 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Spain: free, except in defence-interest zones (military authorisation; urban … - comunidad.madrid › transmisiones-patrimoniales-onerosas — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Spain: transfer tax (ITP) on resales set by each region - for example Madrid … - elra.eu › limitations-to-foreigners-17 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Sweden: no restriction today - only agricultural-property rules that apply … - lantmateriet.se › stamp-duty-and-fees — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
e.g. Sweden: stamp duty 1.5% of the price plus a SEK 825 processing fee …
Other ways to EU residency (no property): all 27 countries
- curia.europa.eu › cp250052en.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- madeira.gov.pt › Lei_Organica_1_2026.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
- parliament.bg › 52-602-01-29.rtf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- boe.es › act.php — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Spain: Organic Law 1/2025 removed every investor residence route (property, … - pmlp.gov.lv › new-immigration-law-takes-effect-key-changes-… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Latvia: a EUR 150,000 route via a state-established investment fund is in … - dgert.gov.pt › retribuicao-minima-mensal-garantida-para-2026 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Portugal: national minimum wage 2026 EUR 920 a month - the D7 base (100% for … - service-public.gouv.fr › F302 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. France visitor: at least EUR 1,477.93 net a month for one person (the net … - sepe.es › Cuantias-anuales.html — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Spain: IPREM 2026 EUR 600 a month. Non-lucrative residence: 400% of IPREM … - oesterreich.gv.at › Seite.120302 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Austria settlement permit excluding gainful employment: regular monthly … - migration.gov.gr › 6Εγκύλιος-3JUN2024-ν_5038_2023-η-1η-μεγαλη-Νό… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- gov.cy › SUPPORTING-DOCUMENTS-VISITOR-PERMIT-1a.docx — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Cyprus visitor permit: foreign remittances of at least EUR 2,000 a month … - mup.gov.hr › 286833 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Croatia digital nomad: EUR 3,622.50 a month (2.5 x the average net salary), … - pisrs.si › u20261470.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Slovenia digital nomad: twice the average net monthly salary - 2 x EUR … - oif.gov.hu › white-card-residency-for-digital-nomads — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Hungary White Card: net income of at least EUR 3,000 a month in the 6 months … - e-sbirka.gov.cz › 44 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Czechia digital nomad: 1.5 x the average gross annual wage set for 1 May … - pmlp.gov.lv › obtaining-long-stay-visa-remote-work — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Latvia remote-work visa: 2.5 x the previous year's average gross wage = EUR … - e-resident.gov.ee › nomadvisa — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Estonia Digital Nomad Visa: EUR 4,500 net a month on the e-Residency site; … - ambpristina.esteri.it › visto-per-nomadi-digitali-e-lavoratori-da-remoto — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Italy digital nomad: yearly income at least 3 x EUR 8,500 = EUR 25,500. - nomad.residencymalta.gov.mt › nomad-eligibility — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Malta Nomad Residence Permit: gross income of at least EUR 42,000 a year. - irishimmigration.ie › i-want-to-retire-to-ireland — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Ireland Stamp 0: income of at least EUR 50,000 a year per person, plus … - aima.gov.pt › minuta-declaracao-do-cumprimento-dos-requisit… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- normattiva.it › N2Ls — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- Secondary source 23 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
- oif.gov.hu › residence-permit-for-guest-investor — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- Migration Department (Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection) › immigration permits for investors — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- mfa.bg › Закон за чужденците в Република България.pdf — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-19
- Secondary source 27 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Romania digital nomad: 3 x the average gross monthly salary for each of the … - e-seimas.lrs.lt › asr — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Lithuania: EUR 260,000 of equity in a company active at least 6 months, with … - Secondary source 29 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
- politsei.ee › for-large-investors — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Estonia: large-investor residence permit - a permanent direct investment of … - home-affairs.ec.europa.eu › schengen-area_en — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
EU golden visa without property: Hungary, Portugal funds & more
- aima.gov.pt › minuta-declaracao-do-cumprimento-dos-requisit… — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- aima.gov.pt › tabela-de-taxas-e-demais-encargos-a-cobrar-pe… — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- normattiva.it › N2Ls — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- migration.gov.gr › Κώδικας-Μετανάστευσης.pdf — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-14 to 2026-10-19
- emnbelgium.be › 2026.16 - Temporary residence permit for the … — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- en.mitos.gov.gr › ΔΔ:Golden_visa_programme_(investment_in_a_lis… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- Secondary source 7 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
- Secondary source 8 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Greece: fee for the start-up investor permit: EUR 2,500 (art. 171; JMD … - Migration Department (Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection) › immigration permits for investors — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- moi.gov.cy › 8C4FE9DDEDA4F801C22587D5004455B1 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-12
- mfa.bg › Закон за чужденците в Република България.pdf — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-19
- oif.gov.hu › residence-permit-for-guest-investor — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- oif.gov.hu › procedural-fees — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- likumi.lv › 370622-imigracijas-likums — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- pmlp.gov.lv › state-fee-issuing-residence-permit — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
- e-seimas.lrs.lt › asr — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- migracija.lrv.lt › residence-permits — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Lithuania: state fee to examine a temporary residence permit application: … - Secondary source 18 — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
- service-public.gouv.fr › F16922 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. France: 'talent - investisseur economique' card - at least EUR 300,000 in … - politsei.ee › for-large-investors — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- politsei.ee › residence-permit-and-rights-of-residence — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Estonia: state fee for a temporary residence permit for business: EUR 350 in … - e-sbirka.gov.cz › 223 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Czechia: investment permit - at least CZK 75,000,000 (about EUR 3,074,904.68 … - boe.es › act.php — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- pmlp.gov.lv › new-immigration-law-takes-effect-key-changes-… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- madeira.gov.pt › Lei_Organica_1_2026.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
- curia.europa.eu › cp250052en.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- ypes.gr › Proypotheseis20260130.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- gov.cy › acquisition-of-cypriot-citizenship-by-natural… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- legislation.mt › pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
Portugal D7, Spain non-lucrative and more: EU own-income permits
- dgert.gov.pt › retribuicao-minima-mensal-garantida-para-2026 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- sepe.es › Cuantias-anuales.html — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- ambtashkent.esteri.it › 11.-Residenza-elettiva-ITALIANO-rev.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Italy elective residence: passive income of at least EUR 31,000 a year for … - service-public.gouv.fr › F302 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-19
- oesterreich.gv.at › Seite.120302 — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- migration.gov.gr › 6Εγκύλιος-3JUN2024-ν_5038_2023-η-1η-μεγαλη-Νό… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- Secondary source 7 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
- gov.cy › SUPPORTING-DOCUMENTS-VISITOR-PERMIT-1a.docx — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- Migration Department (Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection) › immigration permits for investors — 3 rules, checked 2026-10-21
- irishimmigration.ie › i-want-to-retire-to-ireland — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- diariodarepublica.pt › 2007-67564445 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal: a temporary residence permit (D7, D8 and others) may be cancelled … - madeira.gov.pt › Lei_Organica_1_2026.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
- boe.es › buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Spain non-lucrative residence: to renew the permit you must have actually … - boe.es › act.php — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
Digital nomad visas in Europe: income needed for Spain, Portugal, Croatia, Greece
- dgert.gov.pt › retribuicao-minima-mensal-garantida-para-2026 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- vistos.mne.gov.pt › residencia — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Portugal D8 (remote work): average monthly income of at least 4 times the … - Secondary source 3 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Spain teleworker: 200% of the yearly minimum wage (EUR 17,094, RD 126/2026 … - ambpristina.esteri.it › visto-per-nomadi-digitali-e-lavoratori-da-remoto — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- nomad.residencymalta.gov.mt › nomad-eligibility — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- migration.gov.gr › 6Εγκύλιος-3JUN2024-ν_5038_2023-η-1η-μεγαλη-Νό… — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- migration.gov.gr › Κώδικας-Μετανάστευσης.pdf — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-19
- Migration Department (Deputy Ministry of Migration and International Protection) › digital nomads — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Cyprus digital nomad: stable net income of at least EUR 3,500 a month after … - mup.gov.hr › 286833 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- pisrs.si › u20261470.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- oif.gov.hu › white-card-residency-for-digital-nomads — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- e-sbirka.gov.cz › 44 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
- e-resident.gov.ee › nomadvisa — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- vm.ee › application-long-stay-d-visa — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
e.g. Estonia Digital Nomad Visa (Foreign Ministry): EUR 132 a day, i.e. EUR 3,960 … - pmlp.gov.lv › obtaining-long-stay-visa-remote-work — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- Secondary source 16 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Bulgaria digital nomad: yearly income of 50 x the minimum monthly wage of … - Secondary source 17 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
- Secondary source 18 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Romania digital nomad, other reading: the latest month, August 2026, was … - dgert.gov.pt › retribuicao-minima-mensal-garantida-para-2025 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal: national minimum wage 2025 EUR 870 a month (Decree-Law 112/2024) - … - boe.es › con — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Spain: minimum wage 2025 EUR 1,184 a month, at least EUR 16,576 a year (RD …
EU entrepreneur and start-up residence permits: 27 countries
- Secondary source 1 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Slovakia: company executive - EUR 11,808.80 in a business account for an … - politsei.ee › for-sole-proprietors — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Estonia: residence permit for a sole proprietor - at least EUR 16,000 … - Secondary source 3 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Croatia: company owner - EUR 26,544.56 invested and 3 Croatian full-time staff. - Secondary source 4 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Romania: business activity - EUR 70,000 company capital (SRL) or EUR 100,000 … - e-seimas.lrs.lt › asr — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- ipc.gov.cz › proof-of-funds-for-the-residence-finances — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-22
e.g. Czechia: long-term visa for business - proof of funds of 50 x the … - home-affairs.ec.europa.eu › schengen-area_en — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
Portugal residency for non-EU citizens: golden visa, D7 and D8
- emnbelgium.be › 2026.16 - Temporary residence permit for the … — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-12
- aima.gov.pt › minuta-declaracao-do-cumprimento-dos-requisit… — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-13
- aima.gov.pt › tabela-de-taxas-e-demais-encargos-a-cobrar-pe… — 5 rules, checked 2026-10-13 to 2026-10-19
- diariodarepublica.pt › 15-a-2015-70167924 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal golden visa (ARI): to renew the permit you must have spent at least … - dgert.gov.pt › retribuicao-minima-mensal-garantida-para-2026 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- vistos.mne.gov.pt › meios-de-subsistencia — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal: the means of subsistence are counted per person in the household - … - diariodarepublica.pt › 1563-2007-628798 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal D7: the means of subsistence must be stable and regular and assured … - vistos.mne.gov.pt › residencia — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-13
- diariodarepublica.pt › 2007-67564445 — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-19
- vistos.mne.gov.pt › emolumentos — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal: the consulate's fee to process a national (residence) visa … - aima.gov.pt › ari-subalinea-2.pdf — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Portugal ARI job-creation route: create at least 10 jobs in Portugal (Law … - diariodarepublica.pt › 56-2023-222477692 — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Portugal golden visa (ARI): the minimum for the job-creation, … - aima.gov.pt › ari-subalinea-5.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Portugal ARI scientific-research route: EUR 400,000 instead of EUR 500,000 … - aima.gov.pt › ari-subalinea-6.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Portugal ARI culture/heritage route: the law allows up to 20% less than EUR … - madeira.gov.pt › Lei_Organica_1_2026.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
- diariodarepublica.pt › 62-2026-1168979170 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-19
e.g. Portugal: Law 62/2026 of 10 September 2026 amended the foreigners law (Law … - hcch.net › status-table — 2 rules, checked 2026-10-20
- aima.gov.pt › ingles_faqs-ari-pendency-recovery-plan.pdf — 4 rules, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Portugal: foreign documents must carry an Apostille or be certified by a … - aima.gov.pt › ari-subalinea-7.pdf — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20
e.g. Portugal: the fund investment is proved by a declaration from a credit … - Secondary source 20 — 1 rule, checked 2026-10-20 · estimate (secondary source)
e.g. Portugal ARI, whole journey to the first card: practitioners report about …